1. What were two ideas about development that were prevalent before the 19th century?

 

2. What occurs during cell division, differentiation, and morphogenesis?

 

3. Define cleavage, blastula, blastopore, blastocoel. What are two consequences of cleavage?

 

4. Define gastrulation and the primary germ layers that result from this process. What tissues or organs are the primary germ layers fated to form?

 

5. What is the archenteron? What does it form in the embryo?

 

6. A group of cells begin producing keratin, a protein found in skin cells. These cells have just undergone differentiation / morphogenesis. Which embryonic tissue layer did these cells come from?

 

7. Drosophila (fruit fly) zygotes undergo several rounds of mitosis without cytokinesis. After 5 rounds of mitosis, how many cells would the embryo have? How many nuclei?

 

8. Suppose you placed a zygote in a chemical that inhibited cell movement. Would this chemical affect:

Cleavage divisions?

 

Gastrulation?

 

Morphogenesis?

 

9. What are the differences between sea urchin early development and chick early development? Why are those differences necessary?

 

10 Why are bird eggs so much bigger than mammal eggs?