1. Compare and contrast protons, neutrons, and electrons. What are their relative charges and masses?
2. What is the fundamental force that governs all chemical bonding and reactivity? Which of the three particles listed above (protons, neutrons, and electrons) are most important in understanding chemical behavior?
3. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does a carbon atom have? a chlorine atom? How did you know?
4. Define valence electrons. Why do we care about them? How many valence electrons do hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur atoms have?
5. What is the difference between covalent bonding and ionic bonding? Between what types of atoms do you normally see ionic bonding? covalent bonding? Give examples of compounds containing each type.
6. There are two stable molecules with the molecular formula C2H6O. Draw the Lewis structure for these two molecules.
7. At room temperature one of the molecules above is a liquid and one is a gas. Which is which? Why?
8. When treated with NaNH2, the molecule that is a liquid loses a proton to become a molecule with the formula C2H5ONa. Draw this reaction showing the Lewis structure (including Formal Charges) for all reactants and products. (Hint: This is an acid-base reaction.)
9. Explain why the molecule that is a gas doesn't react with NaNH2. (Hint: It doesn't have anything to do with its being a gas.)