Current astrophysical data strongly points towards the Lambda-CDM cosmology in which about 95% of the universe is composed of poorly understood dark matter and dark energy. Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way are excellent probes into the nature and past history of the dark matter, hence understanding their distributions and masses are of significant importance in understanding the past, present, and future of the entire universe. I will discuss how this concordance cosmology came to be and present a new determination of the population of Milky Way satellites. Accounting for a variety of observational biases, this analysis drastically alters our understanding of the Milky Way's satellite populations.